Nerve Injuries
Microsurgical Treatment for Traumatic Nerve Damage and Functional Recovery
Nerve Injuries involve damage to the nerves that provide sensation and control movement in the hand, fingers, wrist, and upper limb. Appropriate assessment and timely treatment can help restore nerve continuity and support the recovery of sensation and motor function.
Nerve Injury Procedures
- Primary Nerve Repair – Microsurgical reconnection of a cleanly divided nerve when direct repair is possible.
- Nerve Grafting – Use of a healthy nerve graft to bridge a gap when the injured nerve cannot be directly repaired.
- Nerve Conduit Reconstruction – Use of a specialised conduit for selected nerve gaps and injuries.
- Nerve Transfer – Redirecting a functioning nerve to an injured nerve to restore selected motor or sensory function.
- Delayed Nerve Reconstruction – Reconstruction of nerve injuries that were not suitable for immediate repair.
- Neuroma Treatment – Surgical management of painful or problematic nerve-end growths following nerve injury.
- Nerve Decompression – Release of pressure around a nerve when compression contributes to symptoms.
- Combined Nerve & Tendon Repair – Treatment of injuries involving both nerves and tendons.
- Nerve & Vessel Reconstruction – Coordinated repair of nerve and blood vessel injuries in complex trauma.
- Post-Repair Rehabilitation – Hand therapy and rehabilitation to support functional recovery following nerve reconstruction.
Common Causes
- Sharp or glass-related injuries
- Machinery-related accidents
- Road traffic accidents
- Crush injuries
- Industrial and workplace injuries
- Traumatic amputations
- Complex hand and wrist injuries
- Surgical or iatrogenic nerve injuries
When Is Nerve Injury Treatment Considered?
Nerve repair or reconstruction is considered when an injury causes loss of sensation, weakness, impaired movement, or other signs of nerve dysfunction. Treatment depends on:
- Type and severity of nerve injury
- Location of the damaged nerve
- Complete or partial nerve disruption
- Associated tendon, bone, or vessel injuries
- Degree of tissue damage
- Time since the injury
- Overall condition of the affected limb
Early specialist assessment is important because timely evaluation and appropriate nerve treatment may improve the potential for functional recovery.
Fractures & Dislocations
Specialised Treatment for Hand, Finger, Wrist, and Upper Limb Injuries
Fractures and Dislocations involve breaks in the bones or displacement of joints caused by trauma, accidents, falls, sports injuries, or crush injuries. Proper assessment and treatment help restore bone alignment, joint stability, movement, and overall function of the affected limb.
Fracture & Dislocation Procedures
- Fracture Assessment & Diagnosis – Evaluation of the injury using clinical examination and appropriate imaging.
- Closed Reduction – Non-surgical realignment of a displaced bone or joint when suitable.
- Open Reduction – Surgical realignment of complex or unstable fractures and dislocations.
- Fracture Fixation – Stabilisation of broken bones using appropriate fixation techniques.
- Plate & Screw Fixation – Internal fixation of selected fractures to maintain proper alignment during healing.
- K-Wire Fixation – Use of thin wires to stabilise selected finger, hand, and wrist fractures.
- Joint Dislocation Reduction – Restoration of the normal position of a displaced joint.
- Ligament & Soft Tissue Repair – Treatment of associated ligament, tendon, or soft tissue injuries.
- Complex Fracture Reconstruction – Reconstruction of fractures associated with significant bone or soft tissue damage.
- Post-Traumatic Reconstruction – Correction of deformity, stiffness, or functional problems following complex injuries.
- Rehabilitation & Hand Therapy – Guided exercises and therapy to restore movement, strength, and function.
Common Causes
- Road traffic accidents
- Falls
- Sports injuries
- Workplace accidents
- Machinery-related injuries
- Crush injuries
- Direct blows or trauma
- Agricultural accidents
- High-impact injuries
Common Fractures & Dislocations
- Finger fractures
- Thumb fractures
- Metacarpal fractures
- Wrist fractures
- Phalangeal fractures
- Finger joint dislocations
- Thumb dislocations
- Wrist and hand joint injuries
- Complex fracture-dislocations
When Is Treatment Considered?
Treatment is considered when there is a confirmed or suspected fracture, joint dislocation, deformity, significant pain, swelling, or loss of movement. The treatment approach depends on:
- Type and location of the injury
- Bone alignment and stability
- Joint involvement
- Associated tendon, nerve, or vessel injuries
- Degree of soft tissue damage
- Open or closed nature of the injury
- Overall condition of the affected limb
Early assessment and appropriate stabilisation are important to promote proper healing and reduce the risk of stiffness, deformity, and long-term functional problems.
Finger Injuries
Specialised Treatment for Traumatic Finger Injuries and Functional Recovery
Finger Injuries involve damage to the skin, soft tissues, bones, joints, tendons, nerves, or blood vessels of the fingers. Proper assessment and timely treatment are important to preserve finger length, movement, sensation, circulation, and overall hand function.
Finger Injury Procedures
- Fracture Management – Treatment and stabilisation of fractured finger bones.
- Joint Dislocation Treatment – Realignment and stabilisation of displaced finger joints.
- Flexor Tendon Repair – Repair of injured tendons responsible for bending the fingers.
- Extensor Tendon Repair – Repair of tendons responsible for straightening the fingers.
- Nerve Repair – Microsurgical repair of damaged digital nerves to support recovery of sensation.
- Blood Vessel Repair – Repair of injured arteries and veins to restore adequate circulation.
- Skin & Soft Tissue Reconstruction – Restoration of damaged or missing tissue following severe finger injuries.
- Skin Grafting – Coverage of suitable skin defects when direct closure is not possible.
- Flap Reconstruction – Transfer of healthy tissue to cover complex defects and exposed structures.
- Finger Replantation – Microsurgical reattachment of a completely or partially amputated finger in selected cases.
- Revascularisation – Restoration of blood flow to a severely injured but incompletely amputated finger.
- Nail Bed Repair – Repair of damaged nail bed tissue to support proper nail growth.
- Partial Amputation Reconstruction – Treatment of injuries involving partial loss of the fingertip or finger.
Common Causes
- Cuts from glass or sharp objects
- Machinery-related injuries
- Door and crushing injuries
- Road traffic accidents
- Workplace accidents
- Sports injuries
- Falls
- Agricultural injuries
- Burns
- Traumatic amputations
Common Finger Injuries
- Finger fractures
- Joint dislocations
- Tendon injuries
- Nerve injuries
- Fingertip injuries
- Nail bed injuries
- Crush injuries
- Skin and soft tissue loss
- Partial or complete amputations
When Is Finger Injury Treatment Considered?
Specialist treatment is considered when a finger injury causes severe pain, deformity, bleeding, loss of movement, numbness, tissue loss, or reduced blood circulation. Treatment depends on:
- Type and severity of injury
- Location of the damaged structures
- Bone and joint involvement
- Condition of tendons, nerves, and blood vessels
- Degree of tissue loss
- Blood supply to the finger
- Presence of contamination or infection
Early assessment is particularly important for severe finger injuries, as timely treatment may help preserve finger length, movement, sensation, and hand function.
Replantation Surgery
Advanced Microsurgical Reattachment of Amputated Fingers, Hands, and Selected Limbs
Replantation Surgery is an advanced microsurgical procedure performed to reattach a completely or partially amputated body part following a traumatic injury. The procedure involves carefully reconnecting bones, tendons, nerves, arteries, and veins to restore blood circulation and, where possible, preserve the function of the injured part.
Replantation Procedures
- Finger Replantation – Microsurgical reattachment of completely or partially amputated fingers in suitable cases.
- Thumb Replantation – Reconstruction of an amputated thumb with particular focus on preserving essential hand function.
- Hand Replantation – Microsurgical reattachment following traumatic amputation of the hand.
- Wrist & Forearm Replantation – Reconstruction of selected amputations involving the wrist or forearm.
- Partial Amputation Reconstruction – Treatment of injuries where part of the tissue remains attached but blood supply is severely compromised.
- Revascularisation – Restoration of blood flow to a severely injured but incompletely amputated finger, hand, or limb.
- Bone Fixation – Stabilisation of the amputated segment to restore structural continuity.
- Tendon Repair – Reconnection or repair of damaged tendons to support future movement.
- Nerve Repair – Microsurgical repair of injured nerves to support recovery of sensation and function.
- Blood Vessel Repair – Precise connection of arteries and veins to restore circulation.
- Soft Tissue Reconstruction – Restoration of damaged skin and soft tissues when required for successful replantation.
Common Causes
- Road traffic accidents
- Industrial and workplace injuries
- Machinery-related injuries
- Crush injuries
- Sharp-object injuries
- Traumatic amputations
- Agricultural machinery accidents
- Severe hand injuries
When Is Replantation Considered?
Replantation is not suitable for every amputation. The decision depends on several factors, including:
- Level and type of amputation
- Condition of the amputated part
- Degree of crush or tissue damage
- Time since the injury
- Condition of the blood vessels
- Level of contamination
- Patient’s overall health
- Functional importance of the amputated part
Replantation is an emergency procedure, and early specialist assessment is essential when an amputation occurs.
Congenital Hand Conditions
Specialised Surgical Correction of Hand Differences Present from Birth
Congenital Hand Conditions are structural or functional differences of the hand and fingers that are present at birth. Reconstructive hand surgery can help improve hand function, movement, appearance, and the ability to perform everyday activities, depending on the specific condition and the child’s individual needs.
Congenital Hand Procedures
- Syndactyly Release – Separation of joined fingers to improve finger movement and hand function.
- Polydactyly Correction – Surgical correction or removal of an extra finger or thumb when appropriate.
- Thumb Reconstruction – Reconstruction or improvement of an underdeveloped or absent thumb to enhance hand function.
- Congenital Trigger Thumb Treatment – Surgical release of a thumb that remains restricted in movement.
- Clinodactyly Correction – Correction of an abnormally curved finger when it significantly affects function.
- Camptodactyly Correction – Treatment of permanently bent fingers when movement is significantly restricted.
- Cleft Hand Reconstruction – Reconstruction of selected congenital hand differences involving separation or absence of central digits.
- Congenital Hand Deformity Correction – Individualised reconstruction of structural abnormalities affecting hand function.
- Tendon & Soft Tissue Reconstruction – Repair or reconstruction of abnormal or deficient soft tissues and tendons when required.
- Post-Operative Rehabilitation – Hand therapy and follow-up to support movement, strength, and functional development.
Common Congenital Hand Conditions
- Syndactyly (joined fingers)
- Polydactyly (extra fingers or thumb)
- Congenital thumb abnormalities
- Cleft hand
- Clinodactyly
- Camptodactyly
- Congenital trigger thumb
- Underdeveloped or absent digits
- Congenital hand deformities
- Differences associated with limb development
When Is Treatment Considered?
Treatment is considered when a congenital hand condition affects hand function, movement, growth, development, or the ability to perform daily activities. The timing and type of treatment depend on:
- Specific congenital condition
- Severity of the deformity
- Number of fingers or structures involved
- Hand function and movement
- Growth and development of the child
- Associated congenital abnormalities
- Individual functional requirements
Early specialist evaluation can help determine the appropriate timing and reconstructive approach for congenital hand conditions.
Wrist Conditions
Specialised Treatment for Wrist Injuries, Disorders, and Functional Problems
Wrist Conditions include injuries and disorders affecting the bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, and soft tissues of the wrist. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment can help relieve pain, restore movement, improve strength, and prevent long-term functional limitations.
Wrist Treatment Procedures
- Wrist Fracture Management – Treatment and stabilisation of fractures involving the wrist bones.
- Fracture Fixation – Surgical stabilisation of unstable or complex fractures when required.
- Wrist Dislocation Treatment – Realignment and stabilisation of displaced wrist joints.
- Tendon Repair & Reconstruction – Repair or reconstruction of damaged wrist tendons.
- Nerve Repair & Decompression – Treatment of nerve injuries or compression affecting wrist and hand function.
- Ligament Repair & Reconstruction – Treatment of damaged wrist ligaments to restore stability.
- Soft Tissue Reconstruction – Reconstruction of damaged skin and soft tissues following trauma or tissue loss.
- Scar & Contracture Release – Release of restrictive scar tissue affecting wrist movement.
- Wrist Wound Reconstruction – Management and reconstruction of complex wounds involving the wrist.
- Flap Reconstruction – Transfer of healthy tissue to cover exposed tendons, bones, joints, or other important structures.
- Post-Traumatic Reconstruction – Correction of deformity, stiffness, instability, or functional problems following injury.
- Hand Therapy & Rehabilitation – Structured rehabilitation to improve wrist movement, strength, and function.
Common Wrist Conditions
- Wrist fractures
- Wrist dislocations
- Tendon injuries
- Ligament injuries
- Nerve injuries
- Soft tissue injuries
- Crush injuries
- Complex wrist wounds
- Post-traumatic stiffness
- Scar contractures
- Wrist deformities
When Is Wrist Treatment Considered?
Specialist wrist treatment is considered when pain, swelling, instability, deformity, restricted movement, weakness, numbness, or tissue damage affects wrist and hand function. Treatment depends on:
- Type and severity of the condition
- Bones, joints, tendons, nerves, or vessels involved
- Degree of tissue damage
- Wrist stability and movement
- Presence of associated hand injuries
- Previous treatment or surgery
- Overall health and functional requirements
Early assessment of significant wrist injuries can help identify structural damage and guide appropriate treatment to preserve movement and hand function.
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Microsurgical Treatment for Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Functional Recovery
Peripheral Nerve Surgery involves specialised surgical procedures to repair, reconstruct, decompress, or restore damaged peripheral nerves that affect sensation and movement of the hand, wrist, arm, and upper limb. Treatment is tailored to the type and severity of nerve injury and may include direct nerve repair, nerve grafting, nerve transfer, or decompression.
Peripheral Nerve Surgery Procedures
- Primary Nerve Repair – Microsurgical reconnection of a divided nerve when direct repair is possible.
- Nerve Grafting – Use of a healthy nerve graft to bridge a gap between damaged nerve ends.
- Nerve Transfer – Redirecting a functioning nerve to an injured nerve to restore selected motor or sensory function.
- Nerve Conduit Reconstruction – Use of a specialised conduit for selected nerve injuries with small nerve gaps.
- Nerve Decompression – Surgical release of pressure around a compressed peripheral nerve.
- Neuroma Excision & Reconstruction – Treatment of painful or problematic nerve-end growths following nerve injury.
- Delayed Nerve Reconstruction – Reconstruction of nerves when immediate repair was not possible or appropriate.
- Nerve Injury Exploration – Surgical assessment of the injured nerve to determine the extent of damage and appropriate reconstruction.
- Combined Nerve & Tendon Repair – Treatment of complex injuries involving both nerves and tendons.
- Nerve & Vessel Reconstruction – Coordinated repair of nerve and blood vessel injuries in complex limb trauma.
- Post-Surgical Rehabilitation – Hand therapy and rehabilitation to support recovery of movement, sensation, and function.
Common Causes
- Road traffic accidents
- Sharp or glass-related injuries
- Machinery-related injuries
- Crush injuries
- Industrial and workplace accidents
- Traumatic amputations
- Complex hand and upper-limb injuries
- Nerve compression
- Surgical or iatrogenic nerve injuries
Common Peripheral Nerve Problems
- Complete or partial nerve injuries
- Nerve lacerations
- Nerve compression
- Painful neuromas
- Loss of sensation
- Muscle weakness
- Loss of movement
- Post-traumatic nerve dysfunction
When Is Peripheral Nerve Surgery Considered?
Peripheral nerve surgery is considered when nerve damage causes persistent loss of sensation, weakness, impaired movement, severe nerve-related pain, or functional limitation. Treatment depends on:
- Type and severity of nerve injury
- Location of the damaged nerve
- Complete or partial nerve disruption
- Duration since injury
- Associated tendon, bone, or vessel injuries
- Degree of tissue damage
- Functional requirements of the affected limb
Early specialist assessment is important because the timing and type of nerve reconstruction can influence the potential for functional recovery.